Orthanc Server  – All CISA Advisories

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 9.2
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
• Vendor: Orthanc
• Equipment: Orthanc Server
• Vulnerability: Missing Authentication for Critical Function

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to disclose sensitive information, modify records, or cause a denial-of-service condition.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following Orthanc products are affected:

• Orthanc server: Versions prior to 1.5.8

3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW

3.2.1 MISSING AUTHENTICATION FOR CRITICAL FUNCTION CWE-306

Orthanc server prior to version 1.5.8 does not enable basic authentication by default when remote access is enabled. This could result in unauthorized access by an attacker.

CVE-2025-0896 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-0896. A base score of 9.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Healthcare and Public Health
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Belgium

3.4 RESEARCHER

Amitay Dan reported this vulnerability to Orthanc.
Souvik Kandar reported this vulnerability to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Orthanc recommends that users update to the latest version or enable the HTTP authentication by setting the configuration “AuthenticationEnabled”: true in the configuration file.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, utilize more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have their own vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPNs are only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:

• Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
• Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
• Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• February 6, 2025: Initial Publication

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